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Slope deformations

Last update of indicator24.01.2024

Indicator definition

The indicator describes the movement activity of landslides and other slope deformations (the description of status of individual monitoring sites).

 

 

Units

%, thous. ha

Metadata

Related policy documents and targets

The concept of geological research and exploration of the Slovak Republic (2017)
Increased attention needs to be paid to slope deformations, with the necessary focus mainly on longer-term monitoring of slope deformations in the most dangerous localities where the lives and health of the population were endangered, in order to obtain basic data for the remediation of disturbed areas. The current practical results of slope movement monitoring, as well as the prospects for systematic supplementation and use of an extensive data database, illustrate the justification for long-term slope movement monitoring.

Objectives:
  • remediation of accidental landslides and other geodynamic phenomena threatening the lives and property of inhabitants and the property of the state and local government,


Strategy of adaptation of SR to the adverse impacts of climate change - update (2018)
The main objective of the updated adaptation strategy is to increase the resilience and improve the preparedness of the Slovak Republic to face the adverse consequences of climate change and to establish an institutional framework and coordination mechanism to ensure effective implementation of adaptation measures at all levels and in all areas. The rock environment and geology are also considered to be key areas in terms of adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change.
 
The proposed adaptation measures for the rock environment:

  • Stabilize urbanized and areas of interest potentially prone to slope movements: adjust the shape of the slope, water regime (surface and deep drainage of the landslide area) and ensure demanding technical stabilization measures and vegetation strengthening

 

Greener Slovakia, Strategy of the Environmental Policy of the Slovak Republic until 2030 (2019)
5. The Rational Use of the Rock Environment

  • By 2030, Slovakia will endeavour to eliminate environmental burdens, as a high priority. Safe disposal of environmental damage will be fully covered by its contributors. Effective work with local authorities and the public will continue during the geological survey. Health protection from the risks of soil contamination and nature preservation will be considered as a priority. A legislative obligation, to carry out an engineering geological survey before setting up structures in the slide areas and prior to the realisation of strategic large-scale and line constructions will be introduced.

 

Objective of the Integrated Development Program I.

Population growth and qualitative development, with special emphasis on education, health, culture, the development of civil society and the rule of law, and the conservation and sustainable management and development of natural resources.

I.5 Ensure effective and sustainable management of natural resources

  • When planning and designing large construction works, line structures and interventions in underground spaces, consistently take into account geological factors of the natural environment, which include issues of rock stability (deformation structures) and slope deformations (mainly landslides), seismic activity and protection of surface and groundwater resources.

  

Key question

What is the state of selected geological hazards that threaten the natural environment, and ultimately humans?

Key messages

Slope deformations occupy approximately 5.25% of the total area of the Slovak Republic and represent a phenomenon that significantly affects the condition and effective use of landscape potential. In 2022, 8 new or reactivated slope deformations were registered and inspection reports prepared. Local climatic conditions in combination with inappropriate anthropogenic interventions were dominant in the activation of the mentioned slope deformations.

 

Summary assessment

Map of slope deformations

*The legend:    Slope deformations
                            Degree of activity
                            - Active
                            - Potencial
                            - Stable

Source: SGIDS

Detailed assessment

The geological factors largely influence the environment, and therefore it is necessary to monitor them regularly. One of the most important geodynamic processes includes slope movements that are monitored by means of the Partial Monitoring System - Geological Factors (PMS - Geological Factors).
 
In 2022, three basic types of slope movements were monitored - sliding (12 locations), creeping (4 locations) and indications of the activation of rapid movements (4 locations). When evaluating the stability ratios of slope movements of a sliding nature, the greatest attention was paid to the locations that were the most active in terms of movement activity during the year 2022. From the evaluation of the results of inclinometric measurements, which were carried out in 2022 at 6 locations (Handlová-Morovnianske sídlisko, Svätý Anton, Hodruša-Hámre, Ďačov, Bardejovská Zábava and Vyšný Čaj) it emerged that the largest deformations were again measured at the landslide site Handlová-Morovnianske housing estate. At the other monitored landslide sites, only slightly increased movement activity was recorded, or a relatively favorable stability development was observed.
 
In the Handlová-Morovnianske sídlisko site, starting from 2021, inclinometric measurements will be carried out only in the AH-3 borehole, which is located in the southern part of the extensive landslide area called Jánošíkova cesta. In 2022, two stages of measurements were carried out in this well, while high deformation values were detected, representing an average rate of 24.92 mm.year-1. Drainage facilities are built on the site either as separate wells, or they are concentrated in fans and led to collection shafts. The highest yields are long-term observed at outflow facilities from collection shafts (in 2022 in the interval from 5.92 to 92.00 l.min-1). A long-term problem with drainage facilities is the clogging of discharge pipes, which reduces the efficiency of drainage and makes monitoring measurements difficult.
 
During 2022, relatively favorable stability conditions were recorded in the landslide area of the municipality of Svätý Anton. During individual control stages, deformation increments reached max. 0.92 mm. In 2021 and 2022, remedial works were carried out here, which can be considered successful based on the results of regime measurements.

A specific group of environmental stability assessment is the location of the Stabilization Embankment in Handlova. Pursuant to the resolution of the Government of the Slovak Republic no. 803 of October 12, 2005, technical and safety inspections of the facilities were carried out once a month on this hydrotechnical work, including measurements of the ground water level (HPV) in monitoring wells. The average flow rate in the Main Drain decreased by 175 l.min-1 compared to 2021.
 
The depth of HPV in most monitored locations in 2022 was at a lower level for a long time, which represents a favorable situation compared to previous periods. The relatively stable state of slope deformations, associated with the decrease in HPV, can be attributed to the development of climatic indicators (mainly precipitation deficit).
 
In 2022, 8 new or reactivated slope deformations (Čadca, Domaniža, Hrachovište, Nižný Tvarožec, Strečno-Starý hrad, Šarišské Bohdanovce, Zubák) were registered and prepared. Local climatic conditions in combination with inappropriate anthropogenic interventions were dominant in the activation of the mentioned slope deformations.
 
Mapa. Distribution of monitored sites of slope deformations in the territory of the Slovak Republic

A - division of sites according to solved geological tasks: I - Partial monitoring system Geological factors, II - Monitoring of landslide deformations; B - Regional engineering-geological subdivision of the Slovak Carpathians: 1 - the region of the core mountains: a - the region of the high core mountains, b - the region of the core middle mountains, 2 - the region of the Carpathian flysch: a - region of the flysch mountains, subregion of the outer flysch Carpathians, b - region of the flysch mountains, subregion of the outer flysch Carpathians, c - region of the flysch mountains, subregion of the klippen belt, d - region of the flysch mountains, subregion of the inner flysch Carpathians, 3 - region of the Neogene volcanics: a - the region of volcanic mountains, b - the region of volcanic mountains, 4 - the region of Neogene tectonic inclusions: a - the region of the Inner Carpathian lowlands, b - the region of the Inner Carpathian basins;
Source: SGIDS
 

 

 

 

Contact

Ing. Katarína Škantárová, SAŽP, katarina.skantarova@sazp.sk

Related definitions:

Geological hazards are harmful natural or anthropogenic geological processes that threaten the natural environment, and ultimately humans. The most important processes include mass slope movements, landslides, tectonic and seismic activity of area.

Methodology:

Geological hazards are monitored mainly through the Partial Monitoring System (PMS) - Geological factors - which consists of independent subsystems.

 
List of subsystem monitoring sites - Landslides and other slope deformations
Degree of significance
 		 Monitoring sites
I. Slovenský raj - Pod večným dažďom, Handlová - Baňa, Jakub, Starina, Bratislava -Železná studnička, Pezinská Baba, Lipovník
II. Dolná Mičiná, Ľubietová, Slanec - TP, Handlová - 1960/1961, Kvašov, Hlohovec-Posádka, Veľká Izra, Sokoľ, Košický Klečenov, Jaskyňa pod Spišskou, Banská Štiavnica, Demjata
III. Veľká Čausa, Handlová - Morovnianske sídlisko, Handlová - Kunešovská cesta, Fintice, Nižná Myšľa, Kapušany, Handlová - Žiarska ul., Okoličné, Bojnice, Bardejovská Zábava, Dačov, Lenartov, Lukov, Pečovská Nová Ves, Prešov - Horárska ul., Prešov - Pod Wilec Hôrkou, Čirč, Krajná Poľana, Čadca-Rieka, Košice - Dargovských hrdinov, Košice - Krásna, Nižná Hutka, Varhaňovce, Vyšný Čaj, Vyšná Hutka, Šenkvice, Ruská Nová Ves, Petrovany, Vinohrady nad Váhom, Stabilizačný násyp - Handlová
 
Locations from the group of sliding were monitored by the set of methods recording the shifts or deformations of the measured objects (geodetic and inclinometer methods), changes in the stress state of the environment (measurement of field of pulse electromagnetic emissions) and the status of the most important factors causing landslides (regime monitoring of changes in groundwater level depth and drainage facilities yield).
 
 

Methods of subsystem monitoring - 01 Landslides and other slope deformations:
  • Methods for monitoring sliding movements
    • Methods of recording changes in the surface of landslides
      • geodetic method for measuring the variations in the position of pos. points
      • method of measuring the surface residual state of stress
    • Methods of recording the subsurface changes
      • method of precise inclinometry
      • method of measuring the pulse electromagnetic emissions
    • Regime monitorings
      • methods of measuring the changes in groundwater levels
      • measuring of capacity, temperature and specific conductivity of water
  • Methods for monitoring the creeping movement
    • Digital photogrammetry methods
    • Dilatometric methods
    • Method of measuring micromorphometric changes


 
Analysis of SR territory distortion by slope deformations is produced based on Atlas máp stability svahov SR in the scale 1: 50 000 (Šimeková, Martinčeková et al., 2006).

Data sources:

SGIDS

Related indicators:

Related international indicators:

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Linked references: